Other requirements included supersonic ability at low level, Mach 2 performance at altitude, and the ability to make short landings at low angles of attack (to avoid damaging improvised runways).
It was used as the nation's standard platform, capable of being efficiently adapted to perform all tactical mission roles. įrom the onset, the Viggen was planned as an integrated weapon system, to be operated in conjunction with the newest revision of Sweden's national electronic air defense system, STRIL-60. Even VTOL designs were considered, with separate lift engines, but were soon identified as being unacceptable. Over 100 different concepts were examined in these studies, involving both single- and twin engine configurations, both traditional and double delta wings, and canard wings. Between 19, the first studies towards what would become the Viggen were carried out, involving the Finnish aircraft designer Aarne Lakomaa.
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In 1955, as Saab's prototype Draken, the most aerodynamically advanced fighter in the world at that point, performed its first flight, the Swedish Air Force was already forming a series of requirements for the next generation of combat aircraft due to the challenging nature of these requirements, a lengthy development time was anticipated, with the first flight intended to be no earlier than the middle of the next decade. The Viggen was initially developed as an intended replacement for the Saab 32 Lansen in the attack role and later the Saab 35 Draken as a fighter. In this sense, it serves as a reference to the aircraft's canard configuration, as "canard" is French for duck. Vigg is also the Swedish name for the tufted duck, a small diving duck common in Sweden. The first meaning refers to åskvigg, or "thunderbolt", inspired by the lightning strikes of the Norse god Thor when he hunted giants with his war hammer, Mjölnir. According to Saab, the aircraft's name alluded to both. Viggen is the definite form of the Swedish word vigg, which has two meanings. In November 2005, the Viggen was retired from service by the Swedish Air Force, the only operator, having been replaced by the newer Saab JAS 39 Gripen. In the late 1970s, the all-weather interceptor/ strike fighter JA 37 variant was introduced. Several distinct variants of the Viggen were produced to perform the roles of fighter bomber/ strike fighter (AJ 37), aerial reconnaissance (SF 37), maritime patrol/ anti-surface (SH 37) and a two-seat trainer (Sk 37). It was the first canard design produced in quantity and arguably the most modern/advanced combat aircraft in Europe at the time of introduction, featuring an airborne digital central computer with integrated circuits for its avionics, the world's first of its kind, automating and taking over tasks previously requiring a navigator/copilot, facilitating handling in tactical situations where, among other things, high speeds and short decision times determined whether attacks would be successful or not, a system not surpassed until the introduction of the Panavia Tornado into operational service in 1981. Development work on the type was initiated at Saab in 1952 and, following the selection of a radical delta wing configuration, the resulting aircraft performed its first flight on 8 February 1967 and entered service in 21 June 1971. The Saab 37 Viggen ( Swedish for "the Bolt" or "the Tufted Duck" ( see name)) is a retired Swedish single-seat, single-engine, short-medium range multirole combat aircraft.
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